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Typically the base which is bolted into a large concrete pad provides the necessary support for a tower crane. The base is connected to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is affixed to the inside of the structure of the building. Often, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The mast of the crane is normally a triangulated lattice structure which measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Connected to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a gear and a motor which enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of twenty tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are utilized to be able to make certain that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or 70 meters.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first have to be transported to the construction site by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the machinery part of the crane and the jib. Afterwards, these sections are connected to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts could be some of the other industrial machinery that is used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is known as a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. After that, the driver of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast section piece.
Using a Standard Counterbalance Forklift
1 Before utilizing the equipment, perform a pre-shift check. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists have to be performed every day or every shift. Every different machine as well as its attachments has its own checklist listing brakes, steering, emergency brakes, lights, horn, controls and safety features.
2 Start up the machinery and check controls. First make sure that your seatbelt is fastened and the seat is securely in place and adjusted for your comfort. Look beneath the equipment after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of every kind of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation compared to a standard vehicle. The rear end swing of the forklift occurs due to the fact that the truck steers using its rear wheels. Forgetting this information is a major reasons for injuries and accidents to employees. The almost 90-degree turn from the front wheels must be performed with utmost care. These top-heavy equipment have a high center of gravity even without a load. When lifting or transporting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks near the floor when traveling. Utilize care when approaching loads. Be certain the forks line up correctly with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is required, tilting it back to help stabilize the equipment. Drive backwards only if the load is so big that it obstructs driver vision.
5 Prior to loading and unloading, check the wheels on trucks/trailers. When carrying a load, it is not advised to travel on inclines. The machine is prone to tip-overs on a slope. When driving on an incline is unavoidable, always drive up the slope and back down. The load must be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The driver must be definitely in control at all times. The primary cause of operator injuries is tip-over. The operator should never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest method is to lean away from the direction of fall while gripping the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
