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Several industrial and commercial buildings could reach heights of more than sixty stories. Apparently, when these buildings are being constructed, they require equally tall cranes to be able to move the materials to the upper floors. There are cranes which are operated from the back of trucks or other kinds that have their own vehicle connected. Tower cranes are the biggest types on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. Wherever new construction like for example apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities like shopping center are being constructed, chances are a crane would be on site.
Kinds
There are two different types of cranes: boom crane or the jib crane. The jib is a metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it lifts things. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types could range from 30 pounds to ten thousand pounds
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame which is a combination of separate sections. So as to increase the overall height of the machine, sections are added. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also called. The crane driver works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane uses a braided metal cord to be able to lift materials. This cord extends out from a motor located near the control module to the end of the jib or boom. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when lifting heavy materials.
Hydraulic truck cranes are a specific type of mobile crane. These cranes make use of hydraulics and could lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the boom's pistons in order to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are vital in building major projects such as airports, bridges, roadways and buildings. A crane could accomplish in minutes jobs which would normally take hundreds of men and lots of hours to accomplish.
These impressive machinery have played a very important part in constructing houses, cities, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids within Egypt were probably constructed with the help of basic cranes to allow the heaviest supplies in one of the most awesome construction projects ever.
The first representation of a crane was showcased during the reign of King Ramses in Egypt in 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting device which was utilized to collect water. The very first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These devices were utilized to create an entire country throughout the 5th century B.C.
Originally, cranes were first made out of wood. It wasn't until the designers constructing dockyards decided they needed something stronger and bigger did these machines develop. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes in Bolton, England, during the year 1834. This machine could lift up to 2 tons. That same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition enabled cranes to have a larger capacity to lift heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. Germany began to make cast iron cranes 4 years later. The very first cast iron crane made by Germany was built within Neuburg.
